I. Current standards of China’s automotive brake lining industry.
GB5763-2008 Brake Linings for Automobiles
GB/T17469-1998 “Automotive Brake Lining Friction Performance Evaluation Small Sample Bench Test Methods
GB/T5766-2006 “Rockwell Hardness Test Method for Friction Materials
JC/T472-92 “Automotive disc brake block assembly and drum brake shoe assembly shear strength test method
JC/T527-93 “friction material burning vector test method
JC/T528-93 “friction material acetone soluble matter test method
JC/T685-1998 “Friction material density test method
QC/T472-1999 “Automotive brake linings resistance to water, salt water, oil and brake fluid performance test method
QC/T473-1999 “Test method for internal shear strength of automobile brake lining materials
QC/T583-1999 Test method for apparent porosity of automotive brake linings
QC/T42-1992 “Evaluation of Surface and Material Defects of Automobile Disc Brake Friction Block after Testing
Second, the brake lining industry international standard system.
Foreign brake, transmission lining (block) and assembly standards are mainly European series, the United States series, Japan (Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association standards) and ISO series, ISO series is mainly developed with reference to European standards.
U.S. standards are mainly SAE, FMVSS, AMECA, etc..
European standards mainly for regulations such as AK (such as AK1, AK2, AK3, AKM), ECE (R13, R13H, R90), EEC71/320.
Japanese standards are JASO and JIS D.
American and European standards are basically divided into host supporting with such as FMVSS in FMVSS121, 122, 105, 135 and AMECA and R13, R13H and ISO11057, dressing (aftermarket) standards such as SAE2430, TP121, R90 and meet the minimum requirements of ECERl3, etc..
No mandatory standards in the United States, but must be approved before sale, Europe for the regulatory market before sale must be EMARK certification.
ISO15484-2005 (DIS) is mainly based on the original global specifications and developed, citing SAE, JASO, JIS D, ECE R90, and provides quality control requirements, is a more complete automotive friction material standards.
From the international and foreign automotive developed countries, are attached considerable importance to the brake lining standards, have a special organization to be responsible for, with reference to international practice, China’s brake lining standards should also be attributed to the automotive industry, and the establishment of a special subcommittee to engage in the work, to facilitate compliance with international standards such as.
(1) ISO organization
ISO brake linings related to automotive brake lining effective standards 21 and 1 global norms, and 6 related standards, its brake lining standards developed by TC22/SC2/WG2, its WG2 working group for SC2 in the five working groups in the largest working group, because brake linings involved in safety and environmental protection, from 2005 onwards filled with more personnel, and successively developed six standards.
(2) Europe
European brake lining standard system a regulation, developed by the WP29, WP29 full name of the United Nations World Vehicle Regulations Coordination Forum (referred to as UN/WP29), specifically responsible for ECE regulations and the implementation of the revision of the work of the WP29 has an automotive committee GRRF to develop automotive regulations, brake lining regulations, standards developed by the FEMFM organization. Brake pad regulations involving ECE Rl3, ECE Rl3H, ECE R90.
(3) Japan
Japanese brake lining standards are JIS and JASO, JISJ Japan Industrial Standards Survey standard, JASO is the Japanese automotive industry standard. Japan’s JIS standards for automobiles currently total 248. Automotive brake lining JIS has 13 items accounted for %.
Japan Automobile Standardization Organization (JASO) set up a very sound organization, according to different specialties and fields set up the corresponding technical committee (i.e., the Ministry), including: brake, safety, body chassis, electrical equipment, engines, standard parts, materials, two-wheeled motorcycles, vehicle performance; each technical committee and set up a varying number of subtechnical committees (i.e., sub-sections will). Which has a brake lining branch, composed of automotive, parts, friction materials factory. The total number of Japanese JASO standards is currently 297. Among them, there are 20 brake linings. Account for %.
(4) United States
U.S. brake lining standards by the American Society of Automotive Engineers (Society of Automotive Engineers, referred to as SAE) is responsible for the development of SAE research objects are cars, trucks and engineering vehicles, aircraft, engines, materials and manufacturing, etc. SAE standards developed by the authoritative, widely used by the automotive industry and other industries, and a considerable number of Some of them are adopted as the national standards of the United States. Currently, SAE has more than 84,000 members in 97 countries and adds or revises more than 600 automotive and aerospace engineering standards-type documents every year. Among them, there are 17 standards related to brake linings.
Third, from the above international and foreign advanced standards, China’s standards and foreign advanced standards have a large gap between.
1, the standardization work is relatively late. Product standards are enterprises engaged in production and operation must comply with the highest technical law, but also the key factors related to the technical progress and healthy development of the industry. Downstream users of the industry’s increasingly stringent working conditions of friction materials continue to put forward higher technical requirements, so in order to make technical standards reflect the concept of scientific, advanced indicators, operational requirements and standardize the market, to achieve the function of international standards, but also must “keep pace with the times”, regularly or irregularly for new standards to increase the definition and old standards The revision of the work. But over the years due to institutional constraints and lack of funds, standardization work has seriously lagged behind the industry’s technological progress and product upgrading of the actual, the unity of existing standards, the authority of a serious challenge, but also the technical management of the industry and the development of international markets bring many difficulties.
2, no brake, transmission lining (block) and assembly of the standard system.
3, the existing standard technical requirements and test methods are still in the small sample, static test conditions, and foreign standards to simulate the actual braking and 1:1 sample test gap is large.
4, the urgency of adopting the standard. After entering the 21st century, China’s return to the WTO, the pace of international trade transactions accelerated, China’s national economy continues to develop rapidly. Institutional reorganization of our government departments, the former State Building Materials Bureau abolished. State-owned enterprise system reform was completed. But the original brake pad standardization technical focal point unit is not further clarified, resulting in China’s friction materials industry standards revision work was once at a standstill. In the last 5 to 6 years, brake, transmission lining (block) and assembly (friction materials) of ISO, JIS, JASO, SAE, FMVSS, AK, ECE and other international standards and foreign advanced standards and regulations are constantly updated version. The gap between China and foreign standards has widened again. In order to adapt to the development of the domestic and international market economy, to better strengthen trade exchanges with the international community, the reconstruction of the national brake, transmission lining (block) and assembly (friction materials) standardization subtechnical committee has become urgent, which is the current brake, transmission lining (block) and assembly industry work in China’s top priority.
5, brake products, although there are national standards, industry standards, advanced foreign standards have a full range of ISO, SAE, JASO and Europe’s ECER, EEC regulations, etc., our national, industry standards compared to the standard level difference is large, not conducive to product participation in international competition, and the existing standard system is not sound, there are more methodological standards are not perfect. National product standards at a low level, resulting in disorderly competition in the industry, and different formulations of enterprises, different production technologies, some testing methods do not meet the production needs, some need to improve.
6, the international famous friction materials production enterprises are TMD, Pfeiffer, Morse, Aki Polo, etc., each enterprise are 100% production of automotive friction materials, annual sales are more than 5 billion yuan, the implementation of standards for the basic SAE J and ECE regulations and AK standards.
Fourth, China’s existing brake lining testing institutions.
Existing national qualified friction materials testing institutions for the National Center for non-metallic mineral products testing, National Auto Parts Testing Center (Changchun); other provincial levels are Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, Hubei, Shandong, Fujian, Gansu, Chongqing, etc., which carried out earlier business for the Zhejiang Auto Parts Testing Center, business is still better than the National Center for non-metallic mineral products testing (Xianyang).
V. China’s existing brake linings testing equipment and standards
China’s existing brake linings effective standards and is mandatory only GB5763-1998.
The repeatability of the units testing equipment is very poor, due to the fixed speed testing machine is a non-standard equipment, especially by the test disk material is not standardized, the provincial testing agencies on the testing machine is not calibrated or only the instrument for calibration, and operators are not specially trained, test samples of different sizes, the initial grinding is not completed, temperature control is not in place, the testing machine speed is different, coupled with different manufacturers of testing machines, the testing machine error Large to 15-30% (in the annual test comparison and host plant comparison), testing machine manufacturers without metrology license, etc.. Only testing equipment unified calibration and friction disc using the same batch of casting materials and the same batch of surface treatment to get the results will be similar.
Santa is a professional manufacturer of automotive brake pads and discs in China, with 15 years of accumulated experience.
Post time: Feb-07-2022